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process memory

Толкование Перевод

1 process memory

память процесса

часть главной памяти, выделенная исполняющемуся процессу

см. тж. main memory, process, system memory

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > process memory
2 process

1) процесс

в системном программировании существует множество разных определений этого термина. В современных ОС процесс - это набор из одного и более тредов (потоков) и ассоциированных с ними системных ресурсов. Важное свойство процесса - он исполняется в своём собственном изолированном адресном пространстве и состоит как минимум из одного треда.

Processes describe computational entities that do not share an address space; there can be separate processes running on one processor, processes running on independent processors in the same computer, or processes running on entirely separate computers. — Процессы - это вычислительные сущности, не разделяющие общее адресное пространство; бывают отдельные процессы, работающие на одном процессоре, процессы, работающие на независимых процессорах одного и того же компьютера, или процессы на совершенно разных компьютерах. Термин впервые был введён разработчиками ОС Multics см. тж. child process, client process, daemon, detached process, event process, light-weighted process, parent process, PID, privileged process, process class, process container, process context, process control, process descriptor, process diagram, process identification, process memory, process migration, process owner, process priority, process space, process state, process switching, server process, spawned process, thread, user-mode process

2) обработка; технологический процесс, технология (способ) обработки

см. тж. compilation process, computational process, development process, event process, process line, test process

3) процесс, ход развития

см. тж. stochastic process

4) обрабатывать

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > process
3 Memory

   1) A Unitary Search Process for All the Phenomena of Memory

   To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)

   2) Semantic Memory Is a Mental Thesaurus

   [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)

   3) The Development of Mnemonic Codes

   The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)

   4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology

   If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)

   5) The Constituent Elements of Memory Theory

   We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)

   6) The Problem with the Memory Metaphor

   The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)

   7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging

   The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)

   8) The Structure and Function of a Schema in Memory

   A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)

   9) Competence and Performance in Theories of Memory

   Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....

   Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)

    10) Metaphors of Memory

   When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....

   However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have inﬂuenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)

    11) Comparison of Primary Memory and Secondary Memory

   Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)

    12) Semantic Memory and Episodic Memory

   Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)

    13) The Relation of Memory to Thinking

   The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
4 process

1) процесс

2) процедура

3) технологический процесс || технологический

4) приём, способ

5) обрабатывать; перерабатывать

•

process with bounded aftereffect — процесс с ограниченным последействием

process with continuous spectrum — процесс с непрерывным спектром

process with denumerably many states — процесс со счётным множеством состояний

process with discrete spectrum — процесс с дискретным спектром

process with immigration — процесс с иммиграцией

process with independent increments — процесс с независимыми приращениями, аддитивный процесс

process with interactions — процесс с взаимодействиями

process with maximal rank — процесс с памятью

process with nonstationary increments — процесс с нестационарными приращениями, неоднородный во времени процесс

process with orthogonal increments — процесс с ортогональными приращениями

process with recycle — циркуляционный процесс

process with stationary and independent increments — процесс со стационарными и независимыми приращениями, однородный процесс

process with stationary increments — процесс со стационарными приращениями, однородный во времени процесс

process without aftereffect — процесс без последействия

process without memory — процесс без памяти

process without spontaneous changes — процесс без спонтанных изменений

- a priori process

- absolutely random process
- absorbing barrier process
- abstract process

- acid open-hearth process

- additive process

- age-dependent process

- alternating renewal process

- autoregressive process

- auxiliary process

- band-limited process

- basic Bessemer process
- basic oxygen process
- basic process

- basis open-hearth process

- Bessemer process

- binary process

- binomial process

- birth and death process

- birth process

- birth-and-death process

- birth-illness-death process

- bivariate process

- bloomery process

- bracketing process

- branching process

- canonical process

- cascade process

- centered process

- circular process

- circularly correlated process

- clustering process

- collecting process

- computation process

- computational process

- conditioned process

- conservative process

- constructive process

- contagion process

- continuation process

- continuous process

- continuous spinning process

- controlled process

- convergent process

- converter process

- convex process

- countercurrent process

- counter-flow process

- counting process

- Crouse process

- cumulative process

- cupola process

- decay process

- decision process

- decision-making process

- decomposable process

- degenerate process

- denumerable process

- denumerably-valued process

- diagonal process

- difference process

- differential process

- differentiation process

- digital process

- direct ore-reduction process
- direct reduction process
- directing process

- discontinuous process
- discrete process - discrete-time process
- dishonest process

- dissipative process

- distributed-parameter process

- disturbed harmonic process

- divergent process

- drawn-gate CMOS process

- dry-press process

- dual process

- dynamic process

- elementary process

- empirical process

- equally correlated process

- equally-correlated process

- equilibrium process

- ergodic process

- evolutionary process

- exhaustive process

- explosive process

- exponential process

- extended process

- extinction process

- feedback process

- feedforward process

- fictitions process

- finite process

- fitting process

- fundamental process

- general process

- generating process

- genetic process

- gradient process

- graph-searching process

- growth process

- half-additive process

- harmonic process

- harmonizable process

- hereditary process

- heterogeneous in time process

- heterogeneous process

- heuristic process

- holomorphic process

- homogeneous process

- imbedded renewal process

- immigration process

- increasing process

- independent increments process

- indirect process

- induced process

- infinetely divisible process

- infinite process

- infinitely decomposable process

- infinitesimal process

- informational process

- inhomogeneous process

- integer-value process

- integrable process

- interpolatory process

- inverse process

- irreversible process

- isentropic process

- isobaric process

- isochoric process

- isonormal process

- isothermal process

- isotropic process

- iterative process

- jointly stationary process

- jump process

- Kroll process

- ladder process

- learning process

- left-continuous process

- linear process

- linearly regular process
- linearly singular process - locally integrable process - locally stable process
- logistic process

- lumped process

- many-state death process

- martingale process

- measurable process

- memoryless process

- metrically transitive process

- minimal process

- mixed process

- mixing process

- modulated process

- Moebius process

- monotonous process

- moving summation process

- moving-average process

- multidimensional process

- multiparameter process

- multiple-chain process

- multiple-phase process

- multiplicative process

- multistage process
- multistep process - multivariate process - N-dimensional process
- near-equilibrium process

- neutral process

- noise process

- nondeterministic process

- nondissipative process

- nonequilibrium process

- nonhereditary process

- nonhomogeneous process

- nonnormalized process

- nonpreemptive process

- nonstationary process

- nonsteady process

- numerical process

- observation process

- observed process

- one-dimensional process

- one-sided process

- one-state process

- open-hearth process

- optimal process

- optimum process

- Orbach process

- orthogonal process

- orthogonalization process

- oxidizing process

- partially deterministic process
- partially mixing process
- percolation process

- periodic process

- periodically stationary process

- persistent process

- perturbated process

- piecewise-linear process

- pig-and-ore process

- plasma spraying process

- point process

- positively regular process

- predictable process

- probabilistic process

- process of abstraction

- process of exhaustion

- process of finite variation
- process of hidden periodicities
- process of iteration

- process of randomization

- process oil

- product process

- production process

- pseudorandom process

- purely random process

- pursuit process

- quasistable process

- quasistationary process

- random-walk process

- real-valued process

- reciprocal process

- recurrent process

- recursive process

- reduced process

- reducible process

- reduction process

- regenerative process

- regular process

- renewal process

- repeatable process

- repetitive process

- restorative process

- return process

- reverberatory process

- reverse process

- rewriting process

- right-continuous process

- risk process

- rotor process

- sampling process

- search process

- second-order stationary process

- selection process

- separable process

- sequential decision process

- sequential process

- shuffling process

- side-blown converter process

- sieving process

- simple process

- simplex process

- singular process

- slowly branching process

- smoothed process

- smoothing process

- soft-mud process

- space-time process

- spatial process

- spectral process

- stagewise process

- standard process

- statistically stationary process
- steady stochastic process
- steady-state process

- steel-making process

- stencil process

- stepwise process

- stochastic process

- stopped process

- strictly stationary process

- subordinated process

- summation process

- supercritical process

- synergistic process

- temporally continuous process
- temporally homogeneous process
- terminating process

- theorem-proving process

- time-dependent process

- time-homogeneous process

- trajectory process

- transient process

- transport process

- trial-and-error process

- two-dimensional process

- two-sided process

- two-stage process

- two-state process

- umklapp process

- uncontrolled process

- uniform process

- unit process

- unstable process

- unsteady process

- unsteady-state process

- vector process

- vector-valued process

- weakly correlated process
- weakly ergodic process - weakly stationary process
- welding process

- well-measurable process

- wide sense stationary process

- Wohlwill process

- xiphoid process

- zero-one renewal process

English-Russian scientific dictionary > process
5 Memory Usage

"In Task Manager, the current working set of a process, in kilobytes. The current working set is the number of pages currently resident in memory."

استخدام الذاكرة

English-Arabic terms dictionary > Memory Usage
6 memory allocation

"In operating systems, the process of reserving memory for use by a program."

تخصيص ذاكرة

English-Arabic terms dictionary > memory allocation
7 process class

= class of process

класс процесса

для параллельных систем (вычислений) процессы делятся на классы в зависимости от объёма требуемой им памяти: с большим, средним и малым объёмом памяти (high, medium и low memory processes), 10 Мбайт - 100 Мбайт; 1 Мбайт - 10 Мбайт и 100 Кбайт - 1 Мбайт соответственно. Это упрощает их размещение в памяти, распараллеливание определённых операций, обеспечивает значительное повышение производительности

см. тж. multidimensional parallelism, OpenMP

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > process class
8 process interrupt card

карта прерывания процесса

card jam detector — детектор затора карт

card session — встреча для игры в карты;

memory card format — формат карты памяти

card code — код карты; перфокарточный код

microchip card — карта с микропроцессором

English-Russian base dictionary > process interrupt card
9 process validation wafer

тестовая пластина для контроля технологического процесса

wafer tape — УП на перфоленте для резки кристаллов

wafer saw — резальная машина для вафельных листов

epitaxial wafer — пластина с эпитаксиальным слоем

full wafer memory — память на целой п/п пластине

wafer batter — взбитое жидкое тесто для вафель

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > process validation wafer
10 process-development chip

тестовый кристалл для разработки технологического процесса

LSI chip — кристалл БИС

chip box — ящик для стружки

memory chip — кристалл памяти

glue chip — связующий кристалл

master chip — базовый кристалл

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > process-development chip
11 process-development wafer

тестовая пластина для разработки технологического процесса

wafer tape — УП на перфоленте для резки кристаллов

wafer saw — резальная машина для вафельных листов

epitaxial wafer — пластина с эпитаксиальным слоем

full wafer memory — память на целой п/п пластине

wafer batter — взбитое жидкое тесто для вафель

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > process-development wafer
12 process without memory

Математика: процесс без памяти

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > process without memory
13 Peak Memory Usage

"In Task Manager, the peak amount of physical memory resident in a process since it started."

أقصى استخدام للذاكرة

English-Arabic terms dictionary > Peak Memory Usage
14 Virtual Memory Size

"In Task Manager, the amount of virtual memory, or address space, committed to a process."

حجم الذاكرة الظاهرية

English-Arabic terms dictionary > Virtual Memory Size
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Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
16 MAP

1) Общая лексика: белки, а (группа белков, обеспечивающих поступательное движение за счёт толкательного усилия (динеин, кинезин, синколин), а также связывание и стабильность комплексов микротрубочек (белки -МАР, МАР2), - например, в составе веретена деления)

2) Медицина: microtubules associated proteins, mean airway pressure (среднее давление в дыхательных путях), среднее артериальное давление, (method of activated particles) МАЧ (метод активированных частиц), mitral annuloplasty, malignant atrophic papulosis

3) Военный термин: Master Attack Plan, Materiel Acquisition Process, Ministry of Aircraft Production, management analysis program, management assessment program, manpower allocation procedure, mechanical ambush patrol, medical aid post, military aid program, military aptitude predictor, military audit project, military automatic pistol, missile and package tester, modular avionics packaging, multiple aim point, munitions acquisition plan, mutual aid program, mutual assistance pact, mutual assistance plan, mutual assistance program, Ministry of Aviation Industry (USSR)

4) Техника: Military Assistance Program, maintenance action plan, maintenance assessment package, maximum posteriori, memory allocation and protection, memory allocation and protection unit, message administration procedures, methodology assessment program, mitigation action plan, multiassociative processor, multiple-access processing, упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (modified atmosphere packaging)

5) Сельское хозяйство: Monoammonium Phosphate, mean aortic pressure

6) Химия: моноаммонийфосфат

7) Математика: метод программирования путём приближений (method of approximations programming)

8) Статистика: метод максимальной апостериорной гипотезы (maximum a-posteriori probable)

9) Страхование: market assistance plan

10) Автомобильный термин: manifold absolute pressure - датчик давления во впускном коллекторе, manifold absolute pressure sensor, maniford absolute pressure (Krokodil), manifold absolute pressure (Krokodil)

11) Оптика: measurement assurance program

12) Телекоммуникации: Maintenance Administration Panel, Management Application Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (GM)

13) Сокращение: MILSTAR Advanced Processor (USA), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Military Aid Program (USA), Military Assistance Program (USA), Ministry of Aviation Technology (Russia), Missed Approach Point, Mission Area Plan, Modular Acoustic Processor, Multiple Aim Point (USAF), Mutual Assistance Programme, Macroassembly Program, NATO Membership Action Plan, Linker Map (File Name Extension), MSN, Accessories, & PSP (Performance Service Plans) (Best Buy), Machinist Apprentice Program, Macro Arithmetic Processor, Macro Assembly Program, Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy, Madagascar Action Plan, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, Magnetic-Acoustic-Pressure, Magnetically Accelerated Projectile (Star Wars), Main Audio Program, Mainframe Acquisition Project, Maintenance Activation Plan, Maintenance Activity Pirmasens, Maintenance Analysis Procedures, Maintenance and Administrative Position (Nortel), Major Accounts Processing, Major Sync Point (ITU-T), Making Action Plans, Management Achievement Plan, Management Action Plan, Management Assistance Program, Management Process, Maneuverable Atmosphere Probe(s), Manifold Absolute Pressure, Manpower Analysis Paper, Manufacturing Application Protocol, Manufacturing Assembly Procedure, Manufacturing Automated Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Profile, Mapei - Quick Step (Tour de France cycling sponsor), Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, Marine Advisory Program, Marine Animal Productions, Maritime Airborne Patrol, Market Access Program, Market Analysis Portfolio, Market Analysis and Planning (Sprint - ISMF), Market Area Planning, Marketing Association of Pakistan, Markovian Arrival Process (concept in probability theory), Mass Air Pressure (sensor), Master Action Plan, Master Amino Acid Pattern, Master of Applied Politics, Materiel Acquisition Plan, Maximum A Posteriori Probability, Maximum A Posteriori estimate, Mazda Advancement Plan, Mean Airway Pressure, Mean Annual Precipitation, Measure of Academic Progress, Measurement Adoption Process, Media Accelerated Processor, Media Access Procedure, Media Access Project, Media Awareness Project, Medical Advantage Plan (AARP), Medical Aid for Palestinians, Medical Assessment Process, Medical Assistance Plan, Medical Assistance Program, Medical Assistance Program International, Medicare Advocacy Project, Medication Access Program (Georgia), Melanesian Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Membrane Associated Protein, Memory Address Print, Memory Algorithm Processor, Memory Alliance Program, Memory Allocation Map, Merchant Account Provider, Merit Award Program (education), Mesh Access Point, Message Access Protocol, Message Application Part (Sprint), Message Application Programming, Messaging Application Protocol, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Metropolitan Area Program, Mian Azmat Professionals (cricket), Michigan Adventure Park (Muskegon, Michigan), Michigan Advocacy Project, Michigan Airglow Payload, Microprocessor Applications Project, Microtubule-Associated Protein, Microwave Anisotropy Probe (NASA), Microwave Assisted Process (for detection of pollutants), Midrange Alliance Program, Military Advisory Panel, Military Aeronautical Pentathlon, Military Assistance Program (US), Milstar Advanced Processor, Miniature Array Package, Minimum Acceptable Performance (Hekimian), Minimum Advertised Price, Minimum-Advertised Pricing, Mining Automation Program (MMS Canada), Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy (Russian Federation), Minnesota AIDS Project, Mission Area Plan/Planning, Mission Assurance Plan, Mission Automation Plan, Missouri Assessment Program, Mitigation Action Plans, Mitogen-Activated Protein, Mitsubishi Assistance Package, Mixed Activation Products, Mobile Access Platform, Mobile Access Protocol, Mobile Agp Packet, Mobile Anchor Point, Mobile Antenna Platform, Mobile Application Part (GSM), Mobile Assistance Patrol, Mobility Anchor Point, Modern Aids to Planning, Modernization of Administrative Processes, Modified American Plan (hospitality industry), Modified Atmosphere Packaging, Modular Architecture Platform, Modular Avionics Package, Moisture, Ash and Protein, Mold Array Package, Monitored Asynchronous Protocol, Monitoring Attitudes of the Public (ACLI Survey), Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (Pande'mie Mondiale de VIH/SIDA), Monoammonium Phosphate (agrochemistry), Monophasic Action Potential (cardiac electrophysiology), Montana Advocacy Program, Montreal Action Plan, Morbidity and Performance Assessment, Morning After Pill, Mortgagor Assistance Program (mortgage industry CRM), Mortier Adhe'sif Pla^tre (French: Skim Coat Plaster; a construction material), Morton Area Players, Motivation for Academic Performance (Duke University), Motorist Assistance Patrol, Motorist Assurance Program, Mouse Antibody Production, Mouse Atlas Project, Move Assistance Program, Movement And Position (tracking system), Multi Access Portal, Multi Agent Planning, Multi-Agency Profiler, Multi-Agency Project, Multi-Country AIDS Program (World Bank), Multicultural Achievers Program, Multidimensional Assignment Problem, Multimodal Application Platform (LiteScape), Multiple Access Protocol, Multiple Aim Point System, Multiplexed Access Point, Multiplexer Access Point, Multiservice Access Platform, Municipal Airport, Mural Arts Program (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania public art project), Mutualized Access Point, Mutually Agreed Positions, Mycobacterium Avium-subspecies Paratuberculosis, missed approach procedure (US DoD)

14) Вычислительная техника: Manageability, Availability, Performance, Microprocessor Analysis Package, Mobile Application Part, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (General Motors), Maintenance Analysis Procedure (IBM), Mobile Application Part (MSC, GSM, Mobile-Systems), модульный акустический процессор

15) Нефть: maximum allowable pressure

16) Генетика: microtubule-associated proteins

17) Космонавтика: Mediterranean Action Plan, Middle Atmosphere Program (SCOSTEP)

18) Воздухоплавание: Minimum Audible Pressure

19) Упаковка: (modified atmosphere packaging) упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (МГС)

20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Approvals Plan

21) Аудит: matters for the attention of partner (вопросы на рассмотрение партнера)

22) Сетевые технологии: мэйнфрейм, протокол автоматизации производства, центральная ЭВМ

23) Полимеры: manifold air pressure

24) Авиационная медицина: mean arterial pressure

25) Расширение файла: Manufacturing Automation Protocol, Message Acceptance Pulse, Map file (usually created by compilers)

26) Логистика: ПДЧ (Membership Action Plan - NATO)

27) Карачаганак: Management Action Plan (План управленческих мероприятий) (отчёт по аудиту, мероприятия которые нужно провести по его результатам)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MAP
17 Map

1) Общая лексика: белки, а (группа белков, обеспечивающих поступательное движение за счёт толкательного усилия (динеин, кинезин, синколин), а также связывание и стабильность комплексов микротрубочек (белки -МАР, МАР2), - например, в составе веретена деления)

2) Медицина: microtubules associated proteins, mean airway pressure (среднее давление в дыхательных путях), среднее артериальное давление, (method of activated particles) МАЧ (метод активированных частиц), mitral annuloplasty, malignant atrophic papulosis

3) Военный термин: Master Attack Plan, Materiel Acquisition Process, Ministry of Aircraft Production, management analysis program, management assessment program, manpower allocation procedure, mechanical ambush patrol, medical aid post, military aid program, military aptitude predictor, military audit project, military automatic pistol, missile and package tester, modular avionics packaging, multiple aim point, munitions acquisition plan, mutual aid program, mutual assistance pact, mutual assistance plan, mutual assistance program, Ministry of Aviation Industry (USSR)

4) Техника: Military Assistance Program, maintenance action plan, maintenance assessment package, maximum posteriori, memory allocation and protection, memory allocation and protection unit, message administration procedures, methodology assessment program, mitigation action plan, multiassociative processor, multiple-access processing, упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (modified atmosphere packaging)

5) Сельское хозяйство: Monoammonium Phosphate, mean aortic pressure

6) Химия: моноаммонийфосфат

7) Математика: метод программирования путём приближений (method of approximations programming)

8) Статистика: метод максимальной апостериорной гипотезы (maximum a-posteriori probable)

9) Страхование: market assistance plan

10) Автомобильный термин: manifold absolute pressure - датчик давления во впускном коллекторе, manifold absolute pressure sensor, maniford absolute pressure (Krokodil), manifold absolute pressure (Krokodil)

11) Оптика: measurement assurance program

12) Телекоммуникации: Maintenance Administration Panel, Management Application Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (GM)

13) Сокращение: MILSTAR Advanced Processor (USA), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Military Aid Program (USA), Military Assistance Program (USA), Ministry of Aviation Technology (Russia), Missed Approach Point, Mission Area Plan, Modular Acoustic Processor, Multiple Aim Point (USAF), Mutual Assistance Programme, Macroassembly Program, NATO Membership Action Plan, Linker Map (File Name Extension), MSN, Accessories, & PSP (Performance Service Plans) (Best Buy), Machinist Apprentice Program, Macro Arithmetic Processor, Macro Assembly Program, Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy, Madagascar Action Plan, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, Magnetic-Acoustic-Pressure, Magnetically Accelerated Projectile (Star Wars), Main Audio Program, Mainframe Acquisition Project, Maintenance Activation Plan, Maintenance Activity Pirmasens, Maintenance Analysis Procedures, Maintenance and Administrative Position (Nortel), Major Accounts Processing, Major Sync Point (ITU-T), Making Action Plans, Management Achievement Plan, Management Action Plan, Management Assistance Program, Management Process, Maneuverable Atmosphere Probe(s), Manifold Absolute Pressure, Manpower Analysis Paper, Manufacturing Application Protocol, Manufacturing Assembly Procedure, Manufacturing Automated Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Profile, Mapei - Quick Step (Tour de France cycling sponsor), Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, Marine Advisory Program, Marine Animal Productions, Maritime Airborne Patrol, Market Access Program, Market Analysis Portfolio, Market Analysis and Planning (Sprint - ISMF), Market Area Planning, Marketing Association of Pakistan, Markovian Arrival Process (concept in probability theory), Mass Air Pressure (sensor), Master Action Plan, Master Amino Acid Pattern, Master of Applied Politics, Materiel Acquisition Plan, Maximum A Posteriori Probability, Maximum A Posteriori estimate, Mazda Advancement Plan, Mean Airway Pressure, Mean Annual Precipitation, Measure of Academic Progress, Measurement Adoption Process, Media Accelerated Processor, Media Access Procedure, Media Access Project, Media Awareness Project, Medical Advantage Plan (AARP), Medical Aid for Palestinians, Medical Assessment Process, Medical Assistance Plan, Medical Assistance Program, Medical Assistance Program International, Medicare Advocacy Project, Medication Access Program (Georgia), Melanesian Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Membrane Associated Protein, Memory Address Print, Memory Algorithm Processor, Memory Alliance Program, Memory Allocation Map, Merchant Account Provider, Merit Award Program (education), Mesh Access Point, Message Access Protocol, Message Application Part (Sprint), Message Application Programming, Messaging Application Protocol, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Metropolitan Area Program, Mian Azmat Professionals (cricket), Michigan Adventure Park (Muskegon, Michigan), Michigan Advocacy Project, Michigan Airglow Payload, Microprocessor Applications Project, Microtubule-Associated Protein, Microwave Anisotropy Probe (NASA), Microwave Assisted Process (for detection of pollutants), Midrange Alliance Program, Military Advisory Panel, Military Aeronautical Pentathlon, Military Assistance Program (US), Milstar Advanced Processor, Miniature Array Package, Minimum Acceptable Performance (Hekimian), Minimum Advertised Price, Minimum-Advertised Pricing, Mining Automation Program (MMS Canada), Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy (Russian Federation), Minnesota AIDS Project, Mission Area Plan/Planning, Mission Assurance Plan, Mission Automation Plan, Missouri Assessment Program, Mitigation Action Plans, Mitogen-Activated Protein, Mitsubishi Assistance Package, Mixed Activation Products, Mobile Access Platform, Mobile Access Protocol, Mobile Agp Packet, Mobile Anchor Point, Mobile Antenna Platform, Mobile Application Part (GSM), Mobile Assistance Patrol, Mobility Anchor Point, Modern Aids to Planning, Modernization of Administrative Processes, Modified American Plan (hospitality industry), Modified Atmosphere Packaging, Modular Architecture Platform, Modular Avionics Package, Moisture, Ash and Protein, Mold Array Package, Monitored Asynchronous Protocol, Monitoring Attitudes of the Public (ACLI Survey), Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (Pande'mie Mondiale de VIH/SIDA), Monoammonium Phosphate (agrochemistry), Monophasic Action Potential (cardiac electrophysiology), Montana Advocacy Program, Montreal Action Plan, Morbidity and Performance Assessment, Morning After Pill, Mortgagor Assistance Program (mortgage industry CRM), Mortier Adhe'sif Pla^tre (French: Skim Coat Plaster; a construction material), Morton Area Players, Motivation for Academic Performance (Duke University), Motorist Assistance Patrol, Motorist Assurance Program, Mouse Antibody Production, Mouse Atlas Project, Move Assistance Program, Movement And Position (tracking system), Multi Access Portal, Multi Agent Planning, Multi-Agency Profiler, Multi-Agency Project, Multi-Country AIDS Program (World Bank), Multicultural Achievers Program, Multidimensional Assignment Problem, Multimodal Application Platform (LiteScape), Multiple Access Protocol, Multiple Aim Point System, Multiplexed Access Point, Multiplexer Access Point, Multiservice Access Platform, Municipal Airport, Mural Arts Program (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania public art project), Mutualized Access Point, Mutually Agreed Positions, Mycobacterium Avium-subspecies Paratuberculosis, missed approach procedure (US DoD)

14) Вычислительная техника: Manageability, Availability, Performance, Microprocessor Analysis Package, Mobile Application Part, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (General Motors), Maintenance Analysis Procedure (IBM), Mobile Application Part (MSC, GSM, Mobile-Systems), модульный акустический процессор

15) Нефть: maximum allowable pressure

16) Генетика: microtubule-associated proteins

17) Космонавтика: Mediterranean Action Plan, Middle Atmosphere Program (SCOSTEP)

18) Воздухоплавание: Minimum Audible Pressure

19) Упаковка: (modified atmosphere packaging) упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (МГС)

20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Approvals Plan

21) Аудит: matters for the attention of partner (вопросы на рассмотрение партнера)

22) Сетевые технологии: мэйнфрейм, протокол автоматизации производства, центральная ЭВМ

23) Полимеры: manifold air pressure

24) Авиационная медицина: mean arterial pressure

25) Расширение файла: Manufacturing Automation Protocol, Message Acceptance Pulse, Map file (usually created by compilers)

26) Логистика: ПДЧ (Membership Action Plan - NATO)

27) Карачаганак: Management Action Plan (План управленческих мероприятий) (отчёт по аудиту, мероприятия которые нужно провести по его результатам)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Map
18 map

1) Общая лексика: белки, а (группа белков, обеспечивающих поступательное движение за счёт толкательного усилия (динеин, кинезин, синколин), а также связывание и стабильность комплексов микротрубочек (белки -МАР, МАР2), - например, в составе веретена деления)

2) Медицина: microtubules associated proteins, mean airway pressure (среднее давление в дыхательных путях), среднее артериальное давление, (method of activated particles) МАЧ (метод активированных частиц), mitral annuloplasty, malignant atrophic papulosis

3) Военный термин: Master Attack Plan, Materiel Acquisition Process, Ministry of Aircraft Production, management analysis program, management assessment program, manpower allocation procedure, mechanical ambush patrol, medical aid post, military aid program, military aptitude predictor, military audit project, military automatic pistol, missile and package tester, modular avionics packaging, multiple aim point, munitions acquisition plan, mutual aid program, mutual assistance pact, mutual assistance plan, mutual assistance program, Ministry of Aviation Industry (USSR)

4) Техника: Military Assistance Program, maintenance action plan, maintenance assessment package, maximum posteriori, memory allocation and protection, memory allocation and protection unit, message administration procedures, methodology assessment program, mitigation action plan, multiassociative processor, multiple-access processing, упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (modified atmosphere packaging)

5) Сельское хозяйство: Monoammonium Phosphate, mean aortic pressure

6) Химия: моноаммонийфосфат

7) Математика: метод программирования путём приближений (method of approximations programming)

8) Статистика: метод максимальной апостериорной гипотезы (maximum a-posteriori probable)

9) Страхование: market assistance plan

10) Автомобильный термин: manifold absolute pressure - датчик давления во впускном коллекторе, manifold absolute pressure sensor, maniford absolute pressure (Krokodil), manifold absolute pressure (Krokodil)

11) Оптика: measurement assurance program

12) Телекоммуникации: Maintenance Administration Panel, Management Application Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (GM)

13) Сокращение: MILSTAR Advanced Processor (USA), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Military Aid Program (USA), Military Assistance Program (USA), Ministry of Aviation Technology (Russia), Missed Approach Point, Mission Area Plan, Modular Acoustic Processor, Multiple Aim Point (USAF), Mutual Assistance Programme, Macroassembly Program, NATO Membership Action Plan, Linker Map (File Name Extension), MSN, Accessories, & PSP (Performance Service Plans) (Best Buy), Machinist Apprentice Program, Macro Arithmetic Processor, Macro Assembly Program, Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy, Madagascar Action Plan, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, Magnetic-Acoustic-Pressure, Magnetically Accelerated Projectile (Star Wars), Main Audio Program, Mainframe Acquisition Project, Maintenance Activation Plan, Maintenance Activity Pirmasens, Maintenance Analysis Procedures, Maintenance and Administrative Position (Nortel), Major Accounts Processing, Major Sync Point (ITU-T), Making Action Plans, Management Achievement Plan, Management Action Plan, Management Assistance Program, Management Process, Maneuverable Atmosphere Probe(s), Manifold Absolute Pressure, Manpower Analysis Paper, Manufacturing Application Protocol, Manufacturing Assembly Procedure, Manufacturing Automated Protocol, Manufacturing Automation Profile, Mapei - Quick Step (Tour de France cycling sponsor), Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC, Marine Advisory Program, Marine Animal Productions, Maritime Airborne Patrol, Market Access Program, Market Analysis Portfolio, Market Analysis and Planning (Sprint - ISMF), Market Area Planning, Marketing Association of Pakistan, Markovian Arrival Process (concept in probability theory), Mass Air Pressure (sensor), Master Action Plan, Master Amino Acid Pattern, Master of Applied Politics, Materiel Acquisition Plan, Maximum A Posteriori Probability, Maximum A Posteriori estimate, Mazda Advancement Plan, Mean Airway Pressure, Mean Annual Precipitation, Measure of Academic Progress, Measurement Adoption Process, Media Accelerated Processor, Media Access Procedure, Media Access Project, Media Awareness Project, Medical Advantage Plan (AARP), Medical Aid for Palestinians, Medical Assessment Process, Medical Assistance Plan, Medical Assistance Program, Medical Assistance Program International, Medicare Advocacy Project, Medication Access Program (Georgia), Melanesian Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea), Membership Action Plan (NATO), Membrane Associated Protein, Memory Address Print, Memory Algorithm Processor, Memory Alliance Program, Memory Allocation Map, Merchant Account Provider, Merit Award Program (education), Mesh Access Point, Message Access Protocol, Message Application Part (Sprint), Message Application Programming, Messaging Application Protocol, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Metropolitan Area Program, Mian Azmat Professionals (cricket), Michigan Adventure Park (Muskegon, Michigan), Michigan Advocacy Project, Michigan Airglow Payload, Microprocessor Applications Project, Microtubule-Associated Protein, Microwave Anisotropy Probe (NASA), Microwave Assisted Process (for detection of pollutants), Midrange Alliance Program, Military Advisory Panel, Military Aeronautical Pentathlon, Military Assistance Program (US), Milstar Advanced Processor, Miniature Array Package, Minimum Acceptable Performance (Hekimian), Minimum Advertised Price, Minimum-Advertised Pricing, Mining Automation Program (MMS Canada), Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy (Russian Federation), Minnesota AIDS Project, Mission Area Plan/Planning, Mission Assurance Plan, Mission Automation Plan, Missouri Assessment Program, Mitigation Action Plans, Mitogen-Activated Protein, Mitsubishi Assistance Package, Mixed Activation Products, Mobile Access Platform, Mobile Access Protocol, Mobile Agp Packet, Mobile Anchor Point, Mobile Antenna Platform, Mobile Application Part (GSM), Mobile Assistance Patrol, Mobility Anchor Point, Modern Aids to Planning, Modernization of Administrative Processes, Modified American Plan (hospitality industry), Modified Atmosphere Packaging, Modular Architecture Platform, Modular Avionics Package, Moisture, Ash and Protein, Mold Array Package, Monitored Asynchronous Protocol, Monitoring Attitudes of the Public (ACLI Survey), Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (Pande'mie Mondiale de VIH/SIDA), Monoammonium Phosphate (agrochemistry), Monophasic Action Potential (cardiac electrophysiology), Montana Advocacy Program, Montreal Action Plan, Morbidity and Performance Assessment, Morning After Pill, Mortgagor Assistance Program (mortgage industry CRM), Mortier Adhe'sif Pla^tre (French: Skim Coat Plaster; a construction material), Morton Area Players, Motivation for Academic Performance (Duke University), Motorist Assistance Patrol, Motorist Assurance Program, Mouse Antibody Production, Mouse Atlas Project, Move Assistance Program, Movement And Position (tracking system), Multi Access Portal, Multi Agent Planning, Multi-Agency Profiler, Multi-Agency Project, Multi-Country AIDS Program (World Bank), Multicultural Achievers Program, Multidimensional Assignment Problem, Multimodal Application Platform (LiteScape), Multiple Access Protocol, Multiple Aim Point System, Multiplexed Access Point, Multiplexer Access Point, Multiservice Access Platform, Municipal Airport, Mural Arts Program (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania public art project), Mutualized Access Point, Mutually Agreed Positions, Mycobacterium Avium-subspecies Paratuberculosis, missed approach procedure (US DoD)

14) Вычислительная техника: Manageability, Availability, Performance, Microprocessor Analysis Package, Mobile Application Part, Manufacturing Automation Protocol (General Motors), Maintenance Analysis Procedure (IBM), Mobile Application Part (MSC, GSM, Mobile-Systems), модульный акустический процессор

15) Нефть: maximum allowable pressure

16) Генетика: microtubule-associated proteins

17) Космонавтика: Mediterranean Action Plan, Middle Atmosphere Program (SCOSTEP)

18) Воздухоплавание: Minimum Audible Pressure

19) Упаковка: (modified atmosphere packaging) упаковывание в модифицированной газовой среде (МГС)

20) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Approvals Plan

21) Аудит: matters for the attention of partner (вопросы на рассмотрение партнера)

22) Сетевые технологии: мэйнфрейм, протокол автоматизации производства, центральная ЭВМ

23) Полимеры: manifold air pressure

24) Авиационная медицина: mean arterial pressure

25) Расширение файла: Manufacturing Automation Protocol, Message Acceptance Pulse, Map file (usually created by compilers)

26) Логистика: ПДЧ (Membership Action Plan - NATO)

27) Карачаганак: Management Action Plan (План управленческих мероприятий) (отчёт по аудиту, мероприятия которые нужно провести по его результатам)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > map
19 system

1) система

2) установка; устройство

•

to get the system on-stream — вводить систему в действие

- 2D CAD system
- 2D design system
- 2-D draughting system
- 2D milling CAM system
- 3 nonsimultaneous axes control system
- 3D CAD system
- 3D design system
- 3D milling CAM system
- 3-D surface-modeling system
- 3-D system
- abrasive waterjet cutting system
- absolute control system
- absolute dimension measuring system
- accident-protection system
- accountancy system
- accounting data system
- ACO system
- acoustic feedback control system
- acquisition system
- active enclosure system
- adaptable system
- adaptive CNC system
- adaptive control constraint system
- adaptive control system
- adaptive pulsing system
- adaptive robot system
- add-on NC programming system
- administrative information data system
- administrative information system
- ADR system
- advanced command data system
- advanced data analysis system
- advanced data display system
- advanced display system
- advanced integrated data system
- advanced interactive debugging system
- advanced management information system
- advisory system
- AGV system
- air flotation system
- air-bearing system
- air-cooling system
- air-delivery system
- air-gaging system
- airlock system
- air-oil mist lubrication system
- air-plasma arc-profiling system
- air-purge system
- alarm system
- all-enveloping guard system
- analog computing system
- analog recording system
- angstrom-positioning system
- antideflection system
- antilock brake system
- antisag system
- application-specific system
- APT generating expert system
- Archimedes system
- array system
- AS/RS system
- assembly management system
- assembly system
- attitude display system
- autolube system
- automated communications and messages processing system
- automated design and optimization of control system
- automated design system
- automated digital design system
- automated industrial management system
- automated information data system
- automated information dissemination system
- automated information retrieval system
- automated inventory distribution system
- automated machining system
- automated management information system
- automated management system
- automated measuring system
- automated parts input-output system
- automated reliability and maintenance management system
- automated storage control system
- automatic alignment-and-centering system
- automatic call distribution system
- automatic CAM system
- automatic chuck-changing system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic data distribution system
- automatic data system
- automatic diagnostic-and-recovery system
- automatic display plotting system
- automatic distributive numerical control system
- automatic fixturing system
- automatic gaging-and-compensating system
- automatic measurement-and-compensation system
- automatic message accounting system
- automatic message distribution system
- automatic pallet storage/retrieval system
- automatic program transfer system
- automatic record evaluation system
- automatic telemetry system
- automatic test analysis system
- automatic test system
- automatic testing, evaluating and reporting system
- automatic tool cassette changer system
- automatic tool retraction system
- automatic tool retraction/correction/reentry system
- automatic tool wear/tool broken sensing system
- automatically taught system
- automation system
- autonomous system
- autopatch system
- AWS system
- axis drive system
- axis motor system
- axis-stopping system
- backlash-free friction system
- back-to-back system
- balance system
- balanced system of forces
- balanced system
- bar feed system
- bar pulling system
- bar pusher system
- barring coding system
- base coordinate system
- base data system
- base file system
- base operating information system
- basic disk operating system
- basic hole system
- basic input/output system
- basic NC system
- basic programming system
- basic shaft system
- batching system
- batch-machining system
- battery system
- BCC management information system
- beam delivery system
- belt turnover system
- belt twist system
- binary system
- binary vision system
- biped robotic system
- block-tool system
- block-type tool change system
- bonded stores system
- boring system
- bought-in control system
- brake system
- branch information system
- breakaway system
- breathing system
- broad system of ordering
- BTA deep-hole-drilling system
- BTA-style deep-hole-drilling system
- bug-free system
- building block system
- bulk system
- business information system
- buy-and-plug-in system
- C/C system
- cable and hose carrying system
- CAD access system
- CAD system
- CAD/CAM system
- CAD/CAM/CAE and product data management system
- CAD/CAM/CAE system
- CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- CADAR system
- CAD-integrating system
- CAD-only system
- CAE system
- CAE/CAD/CAM system
- CAG system
- CAM system
- cam-and-lever system
- capacitance-based measuring system
- CAPP system
- capture system
- carrierband system
- cart/pallet transfer system
- Cartesian coordinate system
- cassette jaw-change system
- cell control system
- cell management system
- cell-type system
- cellular manufacturing system
- central analog data distributing and controlling system
- central automatic message accounting system
- central storage system
- centralized control system
- centralized coolant and extractor system
- centralized swarf conveying system
- centralized swarf removal system
- chain conveyor system
- check system
- checking system
- checkout system
- chiller system
- chip conveyor system
- chip guard system
- chip-evacuation system
- chuck/chuck jaw changing system
- chucking system
- chuck-jaw system
- chuck-loading system
- CIM system
- circular monitoring system
- circular part-processing system
- circulating lubrication system
- circulating oil system
- circulation system
- clamping system
- closed cooling system
- closed loop control system
- closed loop machine control system
- closed loop size control system
- closed loop system
- closed-proprietary system
- CM system
- CNC hardware system
- CNC machine tool system
- CNC programming system
- CNC system
- CNC transfer system
- CNC-ACC system
- CNC-control system
- coherent system of units
- collecting system
- collet pad top jaw system
- combined cooling system
- combined production system
- command-line NC system
- commercial vision system
- communication system
- companion system
- comprehensive power measurement system
- computer analysis and design system
- computer automation real-time operating system
- computer data communication system
- computer NC system
- computer system
- computer vision system
- computer-aided design support system
- computer-aided dispatch system
- computer-aided gaging system
- computer-aided programming system
- computer-aided telemetry system
- computer-aided test system
- computer-assisted command system
- computer-assisted message processing system
- computer-assisted microfilm retrieval system
- computer-assisted operation sequence planning system
- computer-automated machine-tool system
- computer-automated test system
- computer-based management system
- computer-based message system
- computer-controlled materials-handling system
- computer-controlled system
- computer-coordinated measuring system
- computer-directed swing-arm tool-changing system
- computer-driven control system
- computer-hosted manufacturing system
- computer-integrated manufacturing system
- computer-integrated system
- computerized information retrieval system
- computerized machine control system
- computerized manufacturing system
- computerized numerical control system
- computerized production control system
- computerized shopfloor data collection system
- computer-oriented production management system
- computer-oriented system
- computing system
- concurrent force system
- conductor system
- conservative system
- constant delivery system
- constant volume system
- constant-contact scanning system
- constraint satisfaction system
- continuous feedback control system
- continuous flow system
- continuous-path CNC system
- continuous-path control system
- contouring control system
- contouring system
- controlled path system
- controlling system
- conventional ACC system
- conversational analysis and drafting system
- conveying system
- conveyor system
- conveyoring system
- conveyorized work-handling system
- coolant clarification system
- coolant laundering system
- coolant mist system
- coolant recirculating system
- coolant recovery system
- coolant recycling system
- coolant supply system
- coolant-circulating system
- coolant-thru-body system
- cooling system
- coordinate drive system
- coordinate system
- coprocessor board system
- copymill control system
- corporate information and office system
- coupling system
- CPS system
- CRT control system
- CRT system
- customer-oriented system
- customized FMS control system
- cut-piece transfer system
- cycloidal tooth system
- data base management system
- data communication system
- data control system
- data input management system
- data management system
- data origination system
- data processing system
- data retrieval system
- data transfer system
- datum system for geometrical tolerancing
- datum system
- DDM system
- decentralized DNC system
- decision enabling system
- decision support system
- dedicated production system
- deep-hole-drilling system
- defect-free machining system
- delivery system
- demand pull flexible system
- demand push flexible system
- departmental management system
- descaling system
- design coordinate system
- design support system
- design-automation system
- design-for-manufacturing system
- design-with-feature system
- desk-top publishing system
- deterministic system
- dexel-based system
- diagnostic communication control system
- diagnostic computer control system
- dialog system
- diamond-lapping system
- digital readout system
- digitizing system
- digitizing/data capture system
- dimensional verification system
- direct impingement starting system
- direct lubrication system
- direct NC system
- discrete-continuous system
- dispatcher system
- distributed computer system
- distributed mass-spring system
- distributed microprocessor system
- distributed processing system
- distributed quality system
- distributed system
- distributive numerical control system
- DNC flexible machining system
- DNC machine control system
- DNC machine tool control system
- DNC system
- DNC/FM system
- document processing system
- document retrieval system
- document search system
- domain-expert system
- Doppler system
- DOS CAM system
- double tube system
- dowel pin system
- DRO system
- drop-feed-lubrication system
- DTP system
- dual laser optical system
- dual laser referencing system
- dual system
- dual-beam LDDM system
- dual-pallet shuttle system
- dual-shaft electric propulsion system
- dynamic beam focusing laser system
- dynamic data system
- dynamic mapping system
- early warning system
- eddy current damper system
- edge-sensing system
- edge-type positioning system
- eight-station pallet system
- electrical contact tracing system
- electrofluidic control system
- emergency protection system
- enclosure system
- encoder checking system
- endpoint locating system
- energy-adaptive system
- energy-saving drive system
- engine starting system
- entry-level NC system
- environmental control system
- equivalent rigid link system
- equivalent systems of forces
- ESD system
- estimating system
- example-driven system
- expert control system
- expert process planning system
- expert system
- external box system
- extractor system
- fact retrieval system
- factory automation system
- fault detection system
- fault-signal system
- FBG system
- feasibility routing system
- feature-based CAM system
- feature-based system
- feed system
- feedback control system
- feedback gaging system
- feedback position control system
- feedback system
- feed-drive system
- feedforward compensatory control system
- feed-only AC system
- feed-overriding system
- FFS system
- file control system
- finite capacity scheduling system
- fixed coordinate system
- fixed-feature NC system
- fixed-rail system
- fixture design system
- fixture system
- fixturing system
- flanged pipe system
- flexible assembly system
- flexible automated manufacturing system
- flexible automation system
- flexible computer-controlled robotic system
- flexible fabricating system
- flexible fixturing system
- flexible handling system
- flexible laser optical system
- flexible laser system
- flexible lathe system
- flexible machine system
- flexible machining center system
- flexible machining system
- flexible manufacturing system
- flexible NC system
- flexible press system
- flexible tooling system
- flexible transfer system
- flexible turning system
- flood coolant system
- flow-line production system
- flow-type manufacturing system
- fluid management system
- fluid power system
- flush-type cooling system
- fly system
- FMS operating system
- FMS/CAD/CAM system
- FMS-type production system
- force measurement system
- force sensory system
- force system
- force-sensing system
- forecasting system
- four-station pallet system
- four-tier quality system
- FROG navigation system
- FROG system
- full-blown system
- fully specified system
- gage system
- gaging computer system
- gaging-and-compensating system
- gantry loading system
- gantry-based turning system
- gantry-style motion system
- gas-turbine starting system
- gating system
- gear roller system
- gear system
- gear testing system
- general information retrieval system
- generative planning system
- generic control system
- generic messaging system
- generic system
- glass fiber system
- glazing system
- goal-seeking system
- graphic numerical control system
- graphic processing system
- graphics system
- graphics-oriented system
- grating measuring system
- gravity oil system
- gray scale imaging system
- grinder vision system
- group control system
- guarding system
- guidance system
- guiding system
- handling system
- handwriting-input system
- hard-automated system
- hardware NC system
- hardware support system
- head change system
- head changer system
- head-changing flexible manufacturing system
- help system
- hierarchical coding system
- hierarchical control system
- hierarchical information control system
- high-noise-immunity system
- high-rise system
- high-speed positioning system
- high-speed-processor control system
- high-volume system
- Hirth gear-tooth system
- holding system
- holding tool system
- hole system
- holonomic system
- host computer-assisted programming system
- host distributive numerical control system
- hybrid computing system
- hydraulic oil system
- hydraulic system
- hydraulic-circuit system
- hypertext system
- ID system
- IDNC system
- illumination system
- image detection system
- image processing system
- imaging system
- IMC system
- immersion-washing system
- inconsistent system of equations
- incremental measuring system
- index system
- indirect lubrication system
- individual lubrication system
- inductive telemetry system
- inductively guided cart system
- industrial vision system
- in-feed system
- inference system
- in-floor chip-disposal system
- information infrastructure system
- information logical system
- information processing system
- information storage and retrieval system
- information system
- information-gathering system
- information-management system
- information-sharing system
- infrared imaging system
- infrared system
- in-house minicomputer system
- in-house system
- inlet control system
- in-process gaging system
- in-process sensing system
- in-process storage system
- insert-selection system
- instrumentation system
- insulating system
- integral movement monitoring system
- integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- integrated CAM system
- integrated circuit numerical control system
- integrated computer system
- integrated information system
- integrated machine system
- integrated machining system
- integrated manufacturing and assembly system
- integrated manufacturing system
- integrated NC machine system
- integrated production system
- integrated sensor system
- intelligent control system
- interactive control system
- interactive graphics processing system
- interactive manufacturing control system
- interconnection system
- interdepartmental communication system
- interferometer measuring system
- interlocking system
- interrupt-driven system
- inventory-management system
- involute tooth system
- IR fault-signal system
- IR system
- ISO system of limits and tolerances
- isolated word recognition system
- jig boring measuring system
- job shop-type flexible system
- joint-actuation system
- just-in-time production system
- kanban pull system
- kinetic control system
- kitting system
- knowledge base management system
- knowledge system
- knowledge-based information system
- knowledge-based system
- krypton laser system
- labeling system
- labor-intensive system
- language-based NC system
- laser beam orientation system
- laser beam positioning system
- laser calibration system
- laser combination energy system
- laser digitizing system
- laser driving system
- laser full automated system
- laser inspection system
- laser interferometer measuring system
- laser machining system
- laser metalworking system
- laser micrometer system
- laser monitoring system
- laser mount system
- laser optical transformation system
- laser pulse power system
- laser pump system
- laser referencing system
- laser thread measurement system
- laser transducer system
- laser-cutting system
- laser-gaging system
- layered control system
- LDDM system
- lead screw drive system
- learning system
- library reference system
- library system
- light guide system
- light recognition system
- line motion control system
- line motion system
- line path system
- linear index system
- linear system of constant coefficients
- linear time invariant system
- linear time-varying system
- linear-encoder-equipped system
- LMFC system
- load/unload system
- loading robot system
- load-monitoring system
- local communications system
- logistics system
- look-up table system
- low-loss optical system
- low-volume lubricant delivery system
- lube system
- lubrication system with continuous delivery
- lubrication system with cyclic delivery
- lubrication system with performance control
- lubrication system without performance control
- lubrication system
- M system
- machine control system
- machine coordinate system
- machine health-monitoring system
- machine management system
- machine surveillance system
- machine tool capability-conditioning system
- machine tool system
- machine vision system
- machine/control system
- machine/tool/workpiece system
- machine-flexible system
- machine-zero reference system
- machining-cell system
- magnetic control system
- magnetic shaft suspension system
- main control system
- maintenance tracking system
- make-up system
- management control system
- management information system
- management system
- management-and-manufacturing system
- managerial reporting system
- man-computer system
- man-machine system
- man-plus-machine system
- manual data input system
- manual programming system
- manufacturing execution system
- manufacturing optimization system
- manufacturing software system
- manufacturing system
- many-degrees-of-freedom system
- many-variable system
- mass-elastic system
- master manufacturing control system
- master-slave control system
- material flow system
- material movement system
- material storage system
- materials-handling control system
- materials-handling system
- matrix array system
- matrix-type system
- MDI contouring control system
- MDI control system
- MDI NC system
- mean line system
- measurement/inspection system
- measuring coordinate system
- measuring system
- measuring/compensation system
- mechanical interface coordinate system
- memory NC system
- memory system
- menu drive system
- menu system
- menu-driven programming system
- metalforming production system with robots
- metalworking laser system
- metamorphic system
- metareasoning system
- metering system
- metrology system
- MIC system
- micro CAD/CAM programming system
- microadjustment system
- microchip-managed control system
- microdispensing system
- microintegrated system
- microload system
- micropackaged distributed system
- microprocessor based system
- microprocessor CNC system
- microprocessor system
- microprocessor-development system
- microstep control system
- microwave drill detection system
- milling CAM system
- milling system
- minicomputer-based numerical control system
- minicomputer-based system
- minicomputer-based test system
- miniload automated storage and retrieval system
- miniload system
- minimal constraint system
- minimum phase shift system
- mist-cooling system
- mixed forging-machining system
- mobility system
- model reference adaptive system
- moderately sized manufacturing system
- modular clamping system
- modular component tooling system
- modular fixture system
- modular holding system
- modular system
- modular tooling system
- modular work holding system
- monitoring system
- monorail material handling system
- motor position sensing system
- mounting system
- MPM system
- MRC system
- MRP system
- MS-DOS system
- multiaxis laser system
- multimachine system
- multimedia system
- multinetwork system
- multipallet system
- multiple computer system
- multiple laser technology system
- multiple pallet changer system
- multiple pallet handling system
- multiple parts feeding system
- multiple sensory system
- multiple spindle head handling-and-changing system
- multiple system of indexing
- multiple-gun spraying system
- multipoint lubrication system
- multipoint network control system
- multiprocessing system
- multiprocessor NC system
- multiprocessor system
- multiproduct manufacturing system
- multiprofile tool system
- multiprogramming system
- multirobot system
- multisensor system
- multiserver queueing system
- multistage system
- multitasking control system
- multiterminal system
- multiuser system
- multivendor information system
- multiwindowing software system
- Nagare system
- narrowly defined expert system
- national information system
- navigation system
- NC contouring system
- NC machine system
- NC part-programming system
- NC system
- NC tooling system
- NC/TP system
- nesting system
- network computer system
- network switching system
- network system
- noise diagnostic system
- noncircular copy-turning system
- noncompensated system
- noncontact laser marking system
- noncontact microwave system
- nonexpert system
- non-NC system
- numerical computer control system
- numerical contour control system
- numerical control system
- numerically controlled tool point system
- object-oriented system
- office system
- office-based programming system
- off-line adviser-type expert system
- off-line programming system
- off-line system
- off-the-shelf system
- oil mist system
- oil scavenge system
- oil system
- oil wash system
- oil-recirculating system
- oligarchical manufacturing system
- OLP system
- one man/one machine system
- one man-one operation-one job system
- one-machine flexible system
- one-piece tape spar-measuring system
- one-shot lubrication system
- on-line information system
- on-line process system
- on-line retrieval system
- on-line system
- on-line tool control system
- on-machine gaging system
- on-machine probing system
- on-off control system
- open architecture system
- open cooling system
- open system
- open-front system
- open-loop control system
- operating system
- operational system
- operator guidance system
- operator-controlled NC system
- optical detection system
- optical laser ranging system
- optical MAP system
- optical measurement/inspection system
- optical recognition system
- optical system for laser processing
- optical tracer backup system
- optical transmission system
- opti-feed system
- optimal-position control system
- order-driven system
- order-entry system
- order-picking system
- oscillating system
- oscillatory system
- out-feed system
- output collecting system
- overall system
- p.-t.-p. NC system
- package confinement system
- paging system
- pallet conveyor system
- pallet gripper system
- pallet ID system
- pallet storage system
- pallet storage/changer system
- pallet/platen transfer system
- pallet/robot flexible-machining system
- pallet-based materials handling system
- pallet-based system
- pallet-changer system
- pallet-coding system
- pallet-handling system
- palletized tool magazine system
- pallet-loading system
- pallet-moving system
- pallet-shuttle change system
- pallet-transfer system
- pallet-transport system
- paperless NC system
- parallel force system
- parallel lubrication system
- parametric CNC system
- part flow system
- part handling-and-storage system
- part program-editing system
- part queue system
- part-conveying system
- partial laser system
- part-programming system
- part-retrieval system
- passively mode-locked laser system
- path control system of a machine
- path control system
- pattern recognition system
- pattern tracing system
- pattern-directed system
- PC system
- PC-based CAD system
- PC-based vision system
- pendant-mounted CNC system
- perceptual system
- permanent electro system
- personal computer-based robotic vision system
- phase switching control system
- photogrammetric vision system
- photooptic tracing system
- photooptical tracing system
- piece rate system
- plane system of forces
- planner-oriented system
- plant-integration system
- platen system
- platform-independent CAM system
- playback system
- plugboard control system
- plugboard programming system
- point-to-point system
- popular laser system
- position control system
- positioning control system
- postprocess inspection system
- postprocess system
- postprocess-feedback gaging system
- potentiometer-setting system
- power generating system
- power system
- powered clamping system
- powered track system
- powerful robot system
- precision positioning system
- predictive machinability system
- predictive maintenance system
- pre-emptive system
- pregaging system
- preload system
- preset tooling system
- presetting system
- prismatic flexible manufacturing system
- prismatic machining system
- probe communication system
- problem-oriented information system
- process planning system
- process-flexible system
- production control system
- production expert system
- production-monitoring system
- productions system
- product-testing system
- programmable automation system
- programmable control system
- programmable logic control system
- programmable power monitoring system
- programmed sequence control system
- programming system
- proof-of-concept system
- proprietary NC system
- propulsion system
- propulsive system
- protection system
- prototype system
- prototyping system
- pull system of production
- pull system
- punch tape NC system
- purpose-made materials feeding system
- push system
- qualitative system
- quality control system
- quality system
- quantity produced systems
- question-and-answer system
- question-answering system
- queuing system
- quick-change system
- quick-change workpiece-fixturing system
- quick-change-cutter system
- rack system
- rack-picking system
- rail-borne robotic handling system
- rail-guided transport system
- random mission system
- random mix system
- random order system
- ranging system
- readout system
- ready-to-go system
- real-time vision system
- recirculation system
- rectangular coordinate system
- rectangular triordinate system
- reeving system
- reference retrieval system
- reference system
- reflecting high-power beam optical system
- register system
- registration system
- relay ladder logic system
- reporting system
- reprographic system
- resolver system
- restraint system
- RETIC system
- retrieval system
- retrofit system
- return spring system
- RGV pallet delivery system
- rigid track workpiece transport system
- rigid transfer system
- robot control system
- robot gantry storage-and-retrieval system
- robot learning system
- robot parts-handling system
- robot system
- robot teaching system
- robot tool changing system
- robot-based turning system
- robotic system
- robotic vision system
- robotics CAD system
- robotized metalforming system
- robot-like inspection system
- robot-measuring system
- rod memory system
- roller system
- roll-generating system
- rotary transfer system
- rotary-type tool-mounting system
- rotational system
- routing-flexible system
- rule-based expert system
- running fail-safe system
- running system
- run-time system
- safety actuation system
- safety system
- scale back system
- seam tracking laser processing system
- seam-tracking system
- security system
- selective assembly system
- selective control system
- self-adapting system
- self-contained starting system
- self-contained system
- self-monitoring measuring system
- self-optimizing adaptive control system
- self-programming NC system
- self-teaching system
- self-test system
- sensing system
- sensor system
- sensor-based system
- sensory control system
- sensory feedback system
- sensory interactive system
- sensory-processing system
- sentence recognition system
- sequencing control system
- sequential control system
- series lubrication system
- service system
- servo control system
- servo drive system
- servo positioning system
- servo transducer system
- servo-controlled blade-feed-pressure system
- setting system
- SFP system
- shaft system
- shared tools system
- shopfloor communication message system
- shopfloor part-programming system
- shopfloor programming system
- shopfloor-programming control system
- short-closed oil system
- shuttle car system
- shuttle system
- shuttle-type container system
- side-loading pallet system
- sign system
- signature-analysis system
- silhouetting system
- single system
- single-board computer system
- single-cell system
- single-line lubrication system
- single-point lubrication system
- single-stage system
- single-tube system
- single-unit machining system
- single-variable system
- sinking system
- six-station pallet system
- size-monitoring system
- skidless system
- skid-type system
- small knowledge system
- small scale system
- small-batch manufacturing system
- sociotechnical system
- software-based system
- software-operating system
- solid model CAD system
- solid modeling system
- solids-based system
- sonic digitizing system
- space-monitoring sensor system
- special-purpose CNC system
- special-purpose material handling system
- speech-understanding system
- spindle airblast system
- spindle-probe system
- splash lubrication system
- split-type of tooling system
- spray lubrication system
- sprocket-chain system
- stabilization system
- stabilizing system
- stacking system
- stand-alone system
- standard control system
- standard unit system
- starting system
- statistical process control system
- steady-state system
- stepping motor drive system
- stocker system
- stocking system
- stop-bolt locking system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- storage-retrieval system
- straight cut control system
- straight-line control system
- stress calculations infinite element system
- structurally stable system
- structurally unstable system
- stub-tooth system
- subloop system
- supervision system
- supervisory computer control system
- supervisory control system
- surface-measurement system
- surveillance system
- suspension system
- swarf conveyance system
- swarf-management system
- swarf-removal system
- switching system
- synthetic vision system
- system of dimensioning
- system of forces
- system of limits and fits
- system of quantities
- system of the machine retaining devices
- system of units
- tactile sensing system
- tailored NC system
- tailor-made system
- tape-oriented system
- target system
- teach system
- teachable-logic control system
- teaching system
- teach-mode programming system
- technology-intensive system
- telecommunication system
- telemetry gage system
- telemetry system
- teleoperated system
- telepresence system
- telerobotic system
- ten-station pallet system
- term system
- test system
- testing system
- text organizing system
- thermal control system
- thermal enclosure system
- thermal propulsion system
- thread measurement system
- thread measuring system
- three-dimensional CAM system
- three-dimensional coordinate system
- three-wire thread measuring system
- through feed system
- through-the-tool system
- time control system
- time cycle system
- time-shared system
- time-sharing NC programming system
- time-sharing system
- tool animation system
- tool breakage prevention system
- tool change system
- tool condition monitoring system
- tool coolant system
- tool deflection calibration system
- tool identification tag system
- tool life control system
- tool life management system
- tool magazine exchanger system
- tool management system
- tool position-compensating system
- tool shank cleaning system
- tool storage and transport system
- tool storage/management system
- tool-associated system
- tool-clamp system
- tool-holder-work system
- tool-ID system
- tooling AGV system
- tooling system
- tool-in-hand system
- tool-in-use system
- tool-machine system
- tool-monitoring system
- tool-mounting system
- tool-presetting system
- tool-probing system
- tool-to-turret connection system
- tool-transfer system
- torque-monitoring system
- total system
- total-loss lubrication system
- touch-probe digitizer system
- touch-probe digitizing system
- touch-probe system
- towline cart system
- towline conveyor system
- towline handling system
- towline material handling system
- towline transfer system
- tracer control system
- tracing system
- track system
- tracking/scheduling system
- track-monitoring system
- transfer system
- translating system
- transmission system
- transporter system
- traverse-metering system
- tray-type transfer system
- triangulation system
- tribomechanical system
- tri-level stocker system
- triordinate system
- trolley control system
- trouble-free control system
- T-slot system
- tuned system
- turning system
- turning-and-chucking system
- turnkey computer control system
- turnkey system
- turret probing system
- turret tooling system
- two-line lubrication system
- two-machine system
- two-pallet exchange system
- two-shift system
- two-tier inspection system
- unattended machining system
- unattended production system
- uncertain system
- unified system
- unit bore system
- unit system
- unit-build system
- unit-load automated storage and retrieval system
- unit-load system
- UNIX-based 32-bit computer system
- unmonitored control system
- unstable system
- user identification system
- user's CAD system
- V coding system
- vacuum system
- variable pallet system
- variable-coefficient system
- variable-gain ACC system
- variable-mission system
- versatile data acquisition system
- vertical carousel system
- vertical rotating warehouse system
- vibration system
- vibratory system
- video measuring system
- video-based measurement system
- viewing system
- virtual design system
- virtual storage system
- vision guidance system
- vision metrology system
- vision optical system
- vision sensor system
- vision system
- vision tool-presetting system
- vision-based inspection system
- vision-based system
- visual computing system
- visual inspection system
- VME-based system
- voice data entry system
- voice system
- voice-input system
- volume-flexible system
- volume-metric lubrication system
- voluntary standards system
- warehousing system
- warning protection system
- warning system
- wash system
- waste material treatment system
- watchdog system
- waterjet system
- way-lubrication system
- wedge-locked tool clamping system
- wheelhead-measuring system
- windowing system
- wire-cut system
- wire-frame CAD system
- wire-guided transport system
- wire-guided trolley routing system
- word recognition system
- work infeed system
- work transfer system
- work transport system
- workhandling system
- work-holding system
- workpiece-cleaning system
- workstation-oriented CNC system
- zero error position system

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > system
20 Thinking

   1) I Am a Thinking Thing

   But what then am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, [conceives], affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels. (Descartes, 1951, p. 153)

   2) Thinking Is Not Independent of the Expression of Thought

   I have been trying in all this to remove the temptation to think that there "must be" a mental process of thinking, hoping, wishing, believing, etc., independent of the process of expressing a thought, a hope, a wish, etc.... If we scrutinize the usages which we make of "thinking," "meaning," "wishing," etc., going through this process rids us of the temptation to look for a peculiar act of thinking, independent of the act of expressing our thoughts, and stowed away in some particular medium. (Wittgenstein, 1958, pp. 41-43)

   3) The Experimental Differentiation of Concrete and Propositional Operations

   Analyse the proofs employed by the subject. If they do not go beyond observation of empirical correspondences, they can be fully explained in terms of concrete operations, and nothing would warrant our assuming that more complex thought mechanisms are operating. If, on the other hand, the subject interprets a given correspondence as the result of any one of several possible combinations, and this leads him to verify his hypotheses by observing their consequences, we know that propositional operations are involved. (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958, p. 279)

   4) In Every Age, Philosophical Thinking Exploits Some Dominant Concepts

   In every age, philosophical thinking exploits some dominant concepts and makes its greatest headway in solving problems conceived in terms of them. The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophers construed knowledge, knower, and known in terms of sense data and their association. Descartes' self-examination gave classical psychology the mind and its contents as a starting point. Locke set up sensory immediacy as the new criterion of the real... Hobbes provided the genetic method of building up complex ideas from simple ones... and, in another quarter, still true to the Hobbesian method, Pavlov built intellect out of conditioned reﬂexes and Loeb built life out of tropisms. (S. Langer, 1962, p. 54)

   5) The Experimental Differentiation of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

   Experiments on deductive reasoning show that subjects are inﬂuenced sufficiently by their experience for their reasoning to differ from that described by a purely deductive system, whilst experiments on inductive reasoning lead to the view that an understanding of the strategies used by adult subjects in attaining concepts involves reference to higher-order concepts of a logical and deductive nature. (Bolton, 1972, p. 154)

   6) The Power of Machine Thought

   There are now machines in the world that think, that learn and create. Moreover, their ability to do these things is going to increase rapidly until-in the visible future-the range of problems they can handle will be coextensive with the range to which the human mind has been applied. (Newell & Simon, quoted in Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 138)

   7) Thinking Is Sometimes Accompanied by Action and Sometimes Not

   But how does it happen that thinking is sometimes accompanied by action and sometimes not, sometimes by motion, and sometimes not? It looks as if almost the same thing happens as in the case of reasoning and making inferences about unchanging objects. But in that case the end is a speculative proposition... whereas here the conclusion which results from the two premises is an action.... I need covering; a cloak is a covering. I need a cloak. What I need, I have to make; I need a cloak. I have to make a cloak. And the conclusion, the "I have to make a cloak," is an action. (Nussbaum, 1978, p. 40)

   8) The Growth of Philosophy

   It is well to remember that when philosophy emerged in Greece in the sixth century, B.C., it did not burst suddenly out of the Mediterranean blue. The development of societies of reasoning creatures-what we call civilization-had been a process to be measured not in thousands but in millions of years. Human beings became civilized as they became reasonable, and for an animal to begin to reason and to learn how to improve its reasoning is a long, slow process. So thinking had been going on for ages before Greece-slowly improving itself, uncovering the pitfalls to be avoided by forethought, endeavoring to weigh alternative sets of consequences intellectually. What happened in the sixth century, B.C., is that thinking turned round on itself; people began to think about thinking, and the momentous event, the culmination of the long process to that point, was in fact the birth of philosophy. (Lipman, Sharp & Oscanyan, 1980, p. xi)

   9) Thought Is, in Great Part, a Public Activity

   The way to look at thought is not to assume that there is a parallel thread of correlated affects or internal experiences that go with it in some regular way. It's not of course that people don't have internal experiences, of course they do; but that when you ask what is the state of mind of someone, say while he or she is performing a ritual, it's hard to believe that such experiences are the same for all people involved.... The thinking, and indeed the feeling in an odd sort of way, is really going on in public. They are really saying what they're saying, doing what they're doing, meaning what they're meaning. Thought is, in great part anyway, a public activity. (Geertz, quoted in J. Miller, 1983, pp. 202-203)

    10) In Thinking, Everything Needs to Be Made as Simple as Possible

   Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. (Einstein, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 17)

    11) The Conditions for the Construction of Formal Thought

   What, in effect, are the conditions for the construction of formal thought? The child must not only apply operations to objects-in other words, mentally execute possible actions on them-he must also "reﬂect" those operations in the absence of the objects which are replaced by pure propositions. Thus, "reﬂection" is thought raised to the second power. Concrete thinking is the representation of a possible action, and formal thinking is the representation of a representation of possible action.... It is not surprising, therefore, that the system of concrete operations must be completed during the last years of childhood before it can be "reﬂected" by formal operations. In terms of their function, formal operations do not differ from concrete operations except that they are applied to hypotheses or propositions [whose logic is] an abstract translation of the system of "inference" that governs concrete operations. (Piaget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 237)

    12) Language Enables the Rehearsal of Thought and, Thereby, Commitment to Long- Term Memory

   [E]ven a human being today (hence, a fortiori, a remote ancestor of contemporary human beings) cannot easily or ordinarily maintain uninterrupted attention on a single problem for more than a few tens of seconds. Yet we work on problems that require vastly more time. The way we do that (as we can observe by watching ourselves) requires periods of mulling to be followed by periods of recapitulation, describing to ourselves what seems to have gone on during the mulling, leading to whatever intermediate results we have reached. This has an obvious function: namely, by rehearsing these interim results... we commit them to memory, for the immediate contents of the stream of consciousness are very quickly lost unless rehearsed.... Given language, we can describe to ourselves what seemed to occur during the mulling that led to a judgment, produce a rehearsable version of the reaching-a-judgment process, and commit that to long-term memory by in fact rehearsing it. (Margolis, 1987, p. 60)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Thinking

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process memory

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process memory

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